दंदान دَنْدان ♣ Eng. tooth, dental

दंदान دَنْدان ♣ Eng. tooth, dental

[dandān], m. a tooth.

[←New Pers. dandān ‘tooth’ ◄Middle Pers. dandān ‘tooth’] ♣[Young Avestan vīmītō.daṇtan- adj. ‘with shapeless teeth (?)’] ♣[OIA dánta- m. ʻtoothʼ RV.; dánt- RV.]

▲[PIE *edont-, dont-, dn̥t- ‘tooth’ <(present participle) <*ed- ‘to eat’] (LRC),(AHD)▼

[PIE► ⋯⋯ ►Eng. tooth, tusk] ♣[PIE► ⋯⋯ →Eng. dental, dentist]

☞ (Platts, 1884) 0528; (Turner, 1966) 6152, p.12; (MW, 1899) 0468, 0017; (Pokorny, 1959) 0287; (Mayrhofer, 1986-2001) 1.693, 1.061; (MacKenzie, 1971) 024; (Horn, 1893) 0574

दम دَم ♣ Eng. dim, dank

दम دَم ♣ Eng. dim, dank

[dam], m. breath, puff, life, moment, instant.

[←New Pers. dam ‘breath, vital air, life’; dam-īdan v. ‘to blow’ ◄Middle Pers. dm- v. ‘to breathe’] ♣[Young Avestan dāδmainiia- ptc.int.med. ‘species of frog’ (= ‘blowing up again and again (?)’)] ♣[OIA dhámati ʻblowsʼ RV. <√dham ‘blow’]

▲[PIE *dhem-, dhemə- 'to smoke, blow, fly about like dust’] (LRC)▼

[PIE► ⋯⋯ ►Eng. damp, dim] ♣[PIE► ⋯⋯ →Eng. dank]

☞ (Platts, 1884) 0525; (Turner, 1966) 6731, p.384; (MW, 1899) 0509; (Pokorny, 1959) 0247; (Mayrhofer, 1986-2001) 1.775; (MacKenzie, 1971) 023; (Horn, 1893) 0572

चुस्त چُسْت ♣ Eng. shoot, sheet

चुस्त چُسْت ♣ Eng. shoot, sheet

[cust], adj. quick, alert, smart, tight.

[←New Pers. čust adj. ‘fast, quick, active’] ♣[OIA √cud ‘to urge, impel, incite’]

▲[PIE *(s)keud- ‘to throw, shoot’] (LRC),(AHD)▼

[PIE► ⋯⋯ ►Eng. shoot, shot, sheet, shut]

☞ (Platts, 1884) 0433; (Turner, 1966) p.265, p.787; (MW, 1899) 0400; (Pokorny, 1959) 0955, 0636; (Mayrhofer, 1986-2001) 1.551; (Horn, 1893) 0442

चश्मा چَشْمَہ ♣ Eng. ukase

चश्मा چَشْمَہ ♣ Eng. ukase

[caʃmā̌], m. a spring, fountain, glasses, spectacles.

[←New Pers. čašma ‘a fountain, source, spring; the sun; spectacles’ <(suffix; likeness) <čašm ‘eye’ ◄Middle Pers. čašm ‘eye’ ◄Old Pers. čašman- n. ‘eye’] ♣[Young Avestan čašman- n. ‘eye’ ◄Old Avestan čašman- n. ‘eye’ <čaš- ‘to see’] ♣[OIA cákṣus- n. ʻeyeʼ RV. <√cakṣ ‘appear, see, cast a look’]

▲[PIE *kʷek̂-, kʷōk̂-, kʷek̂-s- ‘to seem, see, show, appear’] (LRC)▼

[PIE► ⋯⋯ →Eng. ukase]

☞ (Platts, 1884) 0434; (Turner, 1966) 4560, p.247; (MW, 1899) 0382, 0381; (Pokorny, 1959) 0638; (Mayrhofer, 1986-2001) 1.524, 1.523; (MacKenzie, 1971) 021; (Horn, 1893) 0440; (Mayrhofer, “Handbuch des Altpersischen” 1964) 112

चरख़ा چَرْخَہ ♣ Eng. wheel, cycle

चरख़ा چَرْخَہ ♣ Eng. wheel, cycle

[carxā̌], m. a spinning-wheel.

[←New Pers. čarxa ‘a wheel of any kind, a reel’ <(suffix; likeness) <čarx ‘wheel’ <(metathesis) ◄Middle Pers. čhr ‘wheel’] ♣[Young Avestan čaxra- m.n. ‘wheel’] ♣[OIA cakrá- m.n. ʻwheelʼ RV.]

▲[PIE *kʷekʷlo-, kʷokʷlo- (?) ‘wheel’ <(reduplication) <*kʷel-, kʷelǝ- ‘to turn; wheel; neck?’] (LRC),(AHD)▼

[PIE► ⋯⋯ ►Eng. wheel] ♣[PIE► ⋯⋯ →Eng. colony, cultivate, culture, cycle, collar, pole]

☞ (Platts, 1884) 0430; (Turner, 1966) 4538, p.254, p.256; (MW, 1899) 0380; (Pokorny, 1959) 0639; (Mayrhofer, 1986-2001) 1.521, 1.534; (Horn, 1893) 0437

चर्म چَرْم ♣ Eng. shear, carnal

चर्म چَرْم ♣ Eng. shear, carnal

[carm], m. skin. hide, leather.

[←New Pers. čarm ‘hide’ ◄Middle Pers. čarm ‘hide’ ◄Old Pers. čarman- n. ‘skin, leather’] ♣[Young Avestan čarǝman- n. ‘hide, leather’] ♣[OIA cárman- n. ʻhide, skinʼ RV.]

▲[PIE *(s)ker-, (s)kerǝ-, (s)krē- ‘to cut’] (LRC),(AHD)▼

[PIE► ⋯⋯ ►Eng. shear, share, short, sharp] ♣[PIE► ⋯⋯ →Eng. carnal, carnival]

☞ (Platts, 1884) 0430; (Turner, 1966) 4701; (MW, 1899) 0390; (Pokorny, 1959) 0938; (Mayrhofer, 1986-2001) 1.537; (MacKenzie, 1971) 021; (Horn, 1893) 0438; (Mayrhofer, “Handbuch des Altpersischen” 1964) 112

बुलंद بُلَنْد ♣ Eng. barrow, force

बुलंद بُلَنْد ♣ Eng. barrow, force

[buland], adj. high, exalted, loud, lofty.

[←New Pers. buland adj. ‘high, lofty, tall’ ◄Middle Pers. buland adj. ‘high’ ◄Old Pers. Br̥diya- m. PN Smerdis] ♣[Young Avestan bǝrǝzaṇt- adj. ‘rising high, high, loud’] ♣[OIA br̥hánt- ʻtall, highʼ RV. <√br̥h ‘increase’]

▲[PIE *bhereĝh- ‘high; mountain’] (LRC),(AHD)▼

[PIE► ⋯⋯ ►Eng. barrow, borough] ♣[PIE► ⋯⋯ →Eng. burglar, force, fort]

☞ (Platts, 1884) 0165; (Turner, 1966) 9302, p.527; (MW, 1899) 0737, 0735; (Pokorny, 1959) 0140; (Mayrhofer, 1986-2001) 2.232; (MacKenzie, 1971) 020; (Horn, 1893) 0198