trunk-watching

गिनना گننا ♣ Eng. grace, agree

गिनना گننا ♣ Eng. grace, agree

[ginnā], v.t. to count, reckon.

[◀MIA: Pk. gaṇēi, °ṇaï ‘counts’; Pa. gaṇēti ‘counts, takes notice of’ ◀OIA gaṇáyati ‘counts’ MBh. <√gr̥̄ ‘declare, praise’ ◀PIE *gʷer(ǝ)- ‘to raise the voice; to praise, honor, favor, welcome’] ♣[=PIE▶∙∙∙→Eng. grace, gratitude, agree ]

☞ (Platts, 1884) 0919; (Turner, 1966) 3993, p.228; (Pali-Eng., 1925) 241; (MW, 1899) 0363; (Pokorny, 1959) 0478; (Mayrhofer, 1986-2001) 1.468

खेत کھیت ♣ Eng. home, hamlet

खेत کھیت ♣ Eng. home, hamlet

[kʰēt], m. an (agricultural) field, farm, land, battlefield.

[◀MIA: Pk. khetta-, khit°, chetta-, chit°, khēa- ‘field’; Pa. khetta- n. ‘field’ ◀OIA kṣḗtra- n. ‘land’ RV. <√kṣi ‘dwell’ ◀PIE *k̂þei- ‘to settle’; k̂ei- ‘to lie down’] ♣[=PIE▶∙∙∙▶Eng. home ] ♣[=PIE▶∙∙∙→Eng. hamlet, haunt, situate ]

☞ (Platts, 1884) 0885; (Turner, 1966) 3735, p.191; (Pali-Eng., 1925) 238; (MW, 1899) 0327; (Pokorny, 1959) 0626, 0539; (Mayrhofer, 1986-2001) 1.436, 1.427

सूरज سورج ♣ Eng. sun, solar

सूरज سورج ♣ Eng. sun, solar

[sūraj], m. the sun.

[←(adaptation / semi-tatsama)− OIA sū́rya- m. ‘sun’ ◀PIE *sā́u̯el-, sāu̯ol-, suu̯él-, su̯el-, sūl- ‘sun’] ♣[=PIE▶∙∙∙▶Eng. sun, south ] ♣[=PIE▶∙∙∙→Eng. solar, parasol, helium ]

☞ (Platts, 1884) 0697; (Turner, 1966) 13574, p.804; (MW, 1899) 1243; (Pokorny, 1959) 0881; (Mayrhofer, 1986-2001) 2.742, 2.793

कोठी کوٹھی ♣ Eng. hide, sky

कोठी کوٹھی ♣ Eng. hide, sky

[kōṭʰī], f. a mansion, bungalow, granary, storehouse.

[◀MIA: Pk. koṭṭha- , kuṭ°, koṭṭhaya- m. ‘granary, storeroom’; Pa. koṭṭha- n. ‘monk’s cell, storeroom’, °aka- n. ‘storeroom’ ◀OIA kṓṣṭha- n. ‘pot’ Kauś., ‘granary, storeroom’ MBh., ‘inner apartment’ lex., °aka- n. ‘treasury’, °ikā f. ‘pan’ Bhpr. ◀PIE *(s)keu-, (s)keu̯ǝ, (s)kū- ‘to cover, wrap’] ♣[=PIE▶∙∙∙▶Eng. hide, hose, hoard ] ♣[=PIE▶∙∙∙→Eng. sky, scum, hut ]

☞ (Platts, 1884) 0859; (Turner, 1966) 3546; (Pali-Eng., 1925) 228; (MW, 1899) 0314; (Pokorny, 1959) 0951; (Mayrhofer, 1986-2001) 1.404

अच्छा اچھا ♣ Eng. un- + shine

अच्छा اچھا ♣ Eng. un- + shine

[accʰā], adj.; adv.; interj. good, fine, nice, excellent; well, nicely; really?, I see!

[◀MIA: Pk. Pa. accha- ‘clear, transparent, pure, clean’ ◀OIA accha- ‘clear, transparent’ Suśr. <acchāyá- ‘shadowless’ RV. <+②a- ‘un-, -less’ (♣Eng. un- ) <chāyā́- f. ‘shade, shadow, reflection’ RV.◀PIE *sk̂āi-, sk̂ǝi- : sk̂ī- ‘to glimmer (of wet things); shadow, indirect light’] ♣[=PIE▶∙∙∙▶Eng. shine, shimmer ] ♣[=PIE▶∙∙∙→Eng. scene, scenery ]

☞ (Platts, 1884) 0027; (Turner, 1966) 142, 5027; (Pali-Eng., 1925) 008; (MW, 1899) 0406; (Pokorny, 1959) 0917, ② 0756; (Mayrhofer, 1986-2001) 3.006, 1.559, ② 1.035

बात بات ♣ Eng. worth, version

बात بات ♣ Eng. worth, version

[bāt], f. a word, remark, utterance, matter, thing.

[◀MIA: Pk. vattā-, vaṭṭā- f. ‘talk, event, thing’ ◀OIA vārttā- f. ‘livelihood, business’ Mn., ‘tidings’ Kāv. <vr̥ttá- ‘turned’ RV., ‘rounded’ ŚBr. 2. ‘completed’ MaitrUp., ‘passed, elapsed (of time)’ KauṣUp. 3. n. ‘conduct, matter’ ŚBr., ‘livelihood’ Hariv. <√vr̥t ‘turn’ ◀PIE *u̯er-t- ‘to turn, wind’ <*u̯er- ‘to turn, bend’] ♣[=PIE▶∙∙∙▶Eng. worth, weird, wreath, writhe, worry, wrong, worm ] ♣[=PIE▶∙∙∙→Eng. verse, version, versus, vermicelli ]

☞ (Platts, 1884) 0117; (Turner, 1966) 11564, 12069, p.698; (MW, 1899) 1009; (Pokorny, 1959) 1152, 1156; (Mayrhofer, 1986-2001) 2.518

पानी پانی ♣ Eng. potable, poison

पानी پانی ♣ Eng. potable, poison

[pānī], m. water.

[◀MIA: Pk. pāṇī̆a- n. ‘water’; Pa. pānīya- n., pāni- ‘water’ ◀OIA pāní̵ya- ‘water’ MBh. <√pā ‘drink’ ◀PIE *pō(i)- ‘to drink’] ♣[=PIE▶∙∙∙→Eng. potable, poison, potion, beer, symposium ]

☞ (Platts, 1884) 0221; (Turner, 1966) 8082, p.452; (Pali-Eng., 1925) 453; (MW, 1899) 0612; (Pokorny, 1959) 0839; (Mayrhofer, 1986-2001) 2.113

चाँद چاند ♣ Eng. candle, candidate

चाँद چاند ♣ Eng. candle, candidate

[cā̃d], m. the moon.

[◀MIA: Pk. caṁda-, °aa- m. ‘moon’; Pa. canda-, °aka- m. ‘moon’ ◀OIA candrá- m. ‘moon’ VS. <√cand ‘shine’ ◀PIE *kand-, skand-, (s)kend- ‘to glow; bright’] ♣[=PIE▶∙∙∙→Eng. candle, candidate ]

☞ (Platts, 1884) 0419; (Turner, 1966) 4661, p.252; (Pali-Eng., 1925) 261; (MW, 1899) 0386; (Pokorny, 1959) 0526; (Mayrhofer, 1986-2001) 1.529, 1.528

पुराना پُرانا ♣ Eng. far, fore

पुराना پُرانا ♣ Eng. far, fore

[purānā], adj. old, ancient.

[◀MIA: Pk. Pa. purāṇa- ‘old, worn out’ ◀OIA purāṇá- ‘ancient’ RV. <purás ‘in front, before’, purā́ ‘formerly’ RV. ◀PIE *per ‘to go over; over, forward, in front of, before’] ♣[=PIE▶∙∙∙▶Eng. far, for, forth, further, fore ] ♣[=PIE▶∙∙∙→Eng. per, proud, proof, private, proper, prime ]

☞ (Platts, 1884) 0237; (Turner, 1966) 8283, 8281; (Pali-Eng., 1925) 469; (MW, 1899) 0634; (Pokorny, 1959) 0810; (Mayrhofer, 1986-2001) 2.146

मिट्टी مِٹّی ♣ Eng. meal, mill

मिट्टी مِٹّی ♣ Eng. meal, mill

[miṭṭī], f. earth, soil, dirt, dust, clay.

[◀MIA: Pk. maṭṭī- , maṭṭiā- , mattiyā- , mittiā- f. ‘earth, clay’; Pa. mattikā- f. ‘earth, clay’ ◀OIA mŕ̥ttikā- f. ‘earth, clay’ VS. <.mŕ̥d- f. ‘earth, clay’ VS. ◀PIE *mel- ‘to grind, hit; fine, ground’] ♣[=PIE▶∙∙∙▶Eng. meal, mold, melt, malt, mild ] ♣[=PIE▶∙∙∙→Eng. mill, millet, mallet ]

☞ (Platts, 1884) 1000; (Turner, 1966) 10286, p.594; (Pali-Eng., 1925) 517; (MW, 1899) 0830; (Pokorny, 1959) 0716; (Mayrhofer, 1986-2001) 2.372

मरना مرنا ♣ Eng. murder, mortal

मरना مرنا ♣ Eng. murder, mortal

[marnā], v.i. to die, pass away.

[◀MIA: Pk. maraï ‘dies’; Pa. marati ‘dies’ ◀OIA máratē ‘will die’ RV. <√mr̥ ‘die’ ◀PIE *mer-, merǝ- ‘to die, disappear, rub away, harm’] ♣[=PIE▶∙∙∙▶Eng. murder ] ♣[=PIE▶∙∙∙→Eng. mortal, mortar, mortgage ]

☞ (Platts, 1884) 1025; (Turner, 1966) 9871, p.592; (Pali-Eng., 1925) 524; (MW, 1899) 0827; (Pokorny, 1959) 0735; (Mayrhofer, 1986-2001) 2.318

बसना بسنا ♣ Eng. was, Vesta

बसना بسنا ♣ Eng. was, Vesta

[basnā], v.i. to dwell, settle, inhabit.

[◀MIA: Pk. vasaï ‘lives, stays’; Pa. vasati ‘lives, stays’ ◀OIA vásati ‘stays, dwells’ <√vas ‘dwell’ ◀PIE *u̯es- ‘to stay, live, spend the night’] ♣[=PIE▶∙∙∙▶Eng. was, were ] ♣[=PIE▶∙∙∙→Eng. Vesta ]

☞ (Platts, 1884) 0156; (Turner, 1966) 11435, p.667; (Pali-Eng., 1925) 604; (MW, 1899) 0932; (Pokorny, 1959) 1170; (Mayrhofer, 1986-2001) 2.531

root-watching

में میں ♣ Eng. mid, medium

में میں ♣ Eng. mid, medium

[mɛ͂], ppn. in, into, during, among, between.

[◀MIA: Pk. majjha- adj. ‘middle’, and n. ‘the middle’; Pa. majjha- ‘middle’ n. ‘the middle’ ◀OIA mádhya- ‘middle’, n. ‘the middle’ RV., ‘waist’ ŚBr. Equivalent to postpositions with genitive: madhyam ‘among’ MBh., mádhyēna ‘between’ ŚBr., madhyāt ‘from’ R., madhyē ‘in, among’ Mn. ◀PIE *medhi-, medhi̯o- ‘middle’] ♣[=PIE▶∙∙∙▶Eng. mid, middle ] ♣[=PIE▶∙∙∙→Eng. medium, medieval ]

☞ (Platts, 1884) 1107; (Turner, 1966) 9804; (Pali-Eng., 1925) 514; (MW, 1899) 0781; (Pokorny, 1959) 0706; (Mayrhofer, 1986-2001) 2.303

समुंदर سمندر ♣ Eng. same + water

समुंदर سمندر ♣ Eng. same + water

[samundar], m. the sea, ocean.

[◀MIA: Pk. samudda- m. ‘ocean’; Pa. samudda- m. ‘large river, sea’ ◀OIA samudrá- m. (n. once) ‘sea’ RV. <+②sam- ‘together with’ (♣Eng. same ) <udán- n. ‘water’ RV. <√ud ‘wet’ ◀PIE *au̯(e)-, au̯ed-, au̯er- ‘to flow, to wet; water, etc.’] ♣[=PIE▶∙∙∙▶Eng. water, wet, wash, winter ] ♣[=PIE▶∙∙∙→Eng. whiskey, vodka ]

☞ (Platts, 1884) 0677; (Turner, 1966) 13236, p.892; (Pali-Eng., 1925) 688; (MW, 1899) 0183, ② 1152; (Pokorny, 1959) 0078, ② 0902; (Mayrhofer, 1986-2001) 2.705, 1.215, ② 2.702

छेदना چھیدنا ♣ Eng. shed, science

छेदना چھیدنا ♣ Eng. shed, science

[cʰēdnā], v.t. to bore, drill, pierce (a hole).

[◀MIA: Pk. chiddiya- ‘perforated’; Pa. chiddita- ‘perforated’ ◀OIA chidrá- ‘torn asunder’ RV., ‘having holes, pierced’ KātyŚr., ‘leaky’ MBh., n. ‘slit, cleft, hole’ VS. <√chid ‘cut’ ◀PIE *skē̌i- ‘to cut, separate’] ♣[=PIE▶∙∙∙▶Eng. shed, sheath, shit, shin ] ♣[=PIE▶∙∙∙→Eng. science, nice ]

☞ (Platts, 1884) 0468; (Turner, 1966) 5043, p.276; (Pali-Eng., 1925) 276; (MW, 1899) 0406; (Pokorny, 1959) 0919; (Mayrhofer, 1986-2001) 1.561