[jīnā], v.i.; m. to live, be alive, remain alive; life, living.
[◀MIA: Pk. jīvaï, jī̆aï ‘is alive’; Pa. jīvati ‘is alive’ ◀OIA jí̵vati ‘is alive’ RV. <√jīv ‘live’ ◀PIE *gʷei̯-, gʷei̯ǝ-, gʷ(i)i̯ē-, gʷ(i)i̯ō-, gʷī- ‘to live’] ♣[=PIE▶∙∙∙▶Eng. quick ] ♣[=PIE▶∙∙∙→Eng. vivid, vital, bio-, zodiac ]
☞ (Platts, 1884) 0414; (Turner, 1966) 5241, p.288; (Pali-Eng., 1925) 285; (MW, 1899) 0422; (Pokorny, 1959) 0467; (Mayrhofer, 1986-2001) 1.594, 1.467
जानना جاننا ♣ Eng. know, notice
[jānnā], v.t. to know, be aware of.
[◀MIA: Pk. jāṇaï ‘knows’;
☞ (Platts, 1884) 0374; (Turner, 1966) 5193, p.290; (Pali-Eng., 1925) 282; (MW, 1899) 0425; (Pokorny, 1959) 0376; (Mayrhofer, 1986-2001) 1.599
[jāgnā], v.i. to awaken, wake up, be alert.
[◀MIA: Pk. jaggaï ‘lies awake, watches’, jaggaṇa- n.; Pa. jaggati ‘lies awake, watches’, jaggana- n. ◀OIA jā́grati ‘are awake’, 3 sg. jā́garti RV., jāgramāṇa- MBh. <√jāgr̥ ‘wake’ ◀PIE *ger-, grēi- ‘to wake up, to be awake’] ♣[=PIE▶∙∙∙→Eng. Gregory ]
☞ (Platts, 1884) 0371; (Turner, 1966) 5175, p.285; (Pali-Eng., 1925) 277; (MW, 1899) 0417; (Pokorny, 1959) 0390; (Mayrhofer, 1986-2001) 1.574
[jabṛā], m. the jaw.
[◀MIA ∙∙∙ ◀OIA jámbha- m. ‘tooth, eye-tooth, tusk’, pl. ‘jaws’ RV. <√jabh ‘bite’ ◀PIE *ĝembh-, ĝm̥bh- ‘to bite, to gnaw through, to bare one’s teeth, to destroy; tooth, row of teeth’] ♣[=PIE▶∙∙∙▶Eng. comb ] ♣[=PIE▶∙∙∙→Eng. gem ]
☞ (Platts, 1884) 0375; (Turner, 1966) 5137, p.282; (MW, 1899) 0412; (Pokorny, 1959) 0369; (Mayrhofer, 1986-2001) 1.572
[jannā], v.t.; v.i. to give birth to, beget, produce; to be born.
[◀MIA: Pk. jaṇēi, °ṇaï ‘bears (a child)’; Pa. janēti ‘bears (a child)’ ◀OIA janáyati ‘causes to be born’ AV., ‘begets’ ŚBr. <jánati ‘begets’ RV. <√jan ‘be born’ ◀PIE *ĝen-, ĝenǝ-, ĝnē-, ĝnō- ‘to bear, to beget, to give birth, to be born, to produce’] ♣[=PIE▶∙∙∙▶Eng. kin, king, kind ] ♣[=PIE▶∙∙∙→Eng. gender, generate, genius, genuine, genesis ]
☞ (Platts, 1884) 0392; (Turner, 1966) 5102, p.281; (Pali-Eng., 1925) 278; (MW, 1899) 0410; (Pokorny, 1959) 0373; (Mayrhofer, 1986-2001) 1.567
[cōdnā], v.t. to have sexual intercourse with, copulate with.
[◀MIA ∙∙∙ ◀OIA *cōddati ‘copulates’ <cṓdati ‘incites’ RV. <√cud ‘impel, incite, urge’ ◀PIE *kʷē̆d-, kʷō̆d- ‘to prick; to drill, sharpen; sharp’] ♣[=PIE▶∙∙∙▶Eng. whet ]
☞ (Platts, 1884) 0449; (Turner, 1966) 4929, p.265; (MW, 1899) 0400; (Pokorny, 1959) 0636, 0955; (Mayrhofer, 1986-2001) 1.551
चुकना چُکنا ♣ Eng. hight, cite
[cuknā], v.i. to be finished, completed, to have already done, paid off, settled.
[◀MIA: Pk. cukkaï ‘falls, is forgotten, is destroyed, makes a mistake, errs’, tr. ‘to make fall, break’ ◀OIA *cukk- ‘fall short of, stop’ <√cyu ‘move’ ◀PIE *kēi- ‘to move, to set in motion, to go’] ♣[=PIE▶∙∙∙▶Eng. hight, hest ] ♣[=PIE▶∙∙∙→Eng. cite, excite, -kinesis ]
☞ (Platts, 1884) 0436; (Turner, 1966) 4848, p.270; (MW, 1899) 0403; (Pokorny, 1959) 0538; (Mayrhofer, 1986-2001) 1.552
[sā̃p], m. a snake, serpent.
[◀MIA: Pk. sappa- m. ‘snake’, °pī- f., Pa. sappa- m. ‘snake’ ◀OIA sarpá- m. ‘snake’ RV., sarpī- f. MBh. <√sr̥p ‘creep’ ◀PIE *serp- ‘to crawl, creep, glide’] ♣[=PIE▶∙∙∙→Eng. serpent ]
☞ (Platts, 1884) 0628; (Turner, 1966) 13271, p.782; (Pali-Eng., 1925) 680; (MW, 1899) 1245, 1184; (Pokorny, 1959) 0912; (Mayrhofer, 1986-2001) 2.710
चिंता چِنتا ♣ Eng. pain, punish
[cintā], f. concern, anxiety, worry, care.
[←OIA cintā́- f. ‘thought, care’ MBh. <√cit ‘observe’ ◀PIE *kʷei-(t-) ‘to observe; to appreciate; to wait; to appear’] ♣[=PIE▶∙∙∙→Eng. pain, penalty, punish ]
☞ (Platts, 1884) 0443; (Turner, 1966) 4816, p.260; (Pali-Eng., 1925) 268; (MW, 1899) 0395; (Pokorny, 1959) 0636; (Mayrhofer, 1986-2001) 1.547
[cunnā], v.t. to choose, select, elect, pluck.
[◀MIA: Pk. cuṇaï ‘pecks up’ <.Pk. ciṇēi; Pa. cināti ‘heaps up, collects’ ◀OIA cinṓti ‘heaps up’ AV. (páricinutē ‘collects’ RV.), ‘collects’ MBh. <√ci ‘heap up’ ◀PIE *kʷei- ‘to pile up, stow, gather, prepare, order, build, make’] ♣[=PIE▶∙∙∙→Eng. poem, poet ]
☞ (Platts, 1884) 0446; (Turner, 1966) 4814, p.259; (Pali-Eng., 1925) 268; (MW, 1899) 0394; (Pokorny, 1959) 0637; (Mayrhofer, 1986-2001) 1.532
चमड़ा چمڑا ♣ Eng. shear, score
[camṛā], m. leather, hide, skin.
[◀MIA: Pk.
☞ (Platts, 1884) 0442; (Turner, 1966) 4701; (Pali-Eng., 1925) 262; (MW, 1899) 0390; (Pokorny, 1959) 0938; (Mayrhofer, 1986-2001) 1.537
[gā̃ɔ], m. a village.
[◀MIA: Pk. gāma- m. ‘collection, village’;
☞ (Platts, 1884) 0894; (Turner, 1966) 4368; (Pali-Eng., 1925) 249; (MW, 1899) 0373; (Pokorny, 1959) 0382; (Mayrhofer, 1986-2001) 1.507
[ɔ̵r], conj.; adj.; adv. and; another, other, more, different; (a little) more, a further.
[◀MIA:
☞ (Platts, 1884) 0104; (Turner, 1966) 434; (Pali-Eng., 1925) 052; (MW, 1899) 0050; (Pokorny, 1959) 0053; (Mayrhofer, 1986-2001) 1.083, 1.082
बैठना بیٹھنا ♣ Eng. up + villa
[bɛ̵ṭʰnā], v.i. to sit down.
[◀MIA: Ap. baïsaï ‘sits’: baïṭṭha-; Pk. uvavisaï, bēsaē ‘sits’: uvaviṭṭha- , biṭṭha-; Pa. upavisati ‘approaches’, aor. upāvisi ‘sat down’ ◀OIA úpaviśati ‘approaches’ RV., ‘sits down’ ŚBr. <upa-√viś ‘to go or come near, approach, to sit down, take a seat (as men), lie down (as animals), to enter’ <+②úpa- ‘up to, upon, above, near’ (♣Eng. up ) <√viś ‘enter, settle in’ ◀PIE *u̯eik̂-, u̯ik̂-, u̯oik̂o- ‘home, dwelling (of a family, kin), clan, tribe, extended family’] ♣[=PIE▶∙∙∙→Eng. villa, village, vicinity, ecology, economy ]
☞ (Platts, 1884) 0206; (Turner, 1966) 2245, p.691, ② 2136; (Pali-Eng., 1925) 147; (MW, 1899) 0207, 0989, ② 0194; (Pokorny, 1959) 1131, ② 1106; (Mayrhofer, 1986-2001) 2.584, ② 1.218
बनना بننا ♣ Eng. wish, venerate
[bannā], v.i. to be made, built, constructed, turned into, to become.
[◀MIA: Pk. vaṇēi ‘asks’;
☞ (Platts, 1884) 0172; (Turner, 1966) 11260, p.657; (Pali-Eng., 1925) 600; (MW, 1899) 0917; (Pokorny, 1959) 1146; (Mayrhofer, 1986-2001) 2.501
देखना دیکھنا ♣ Eng. dragon, rankle
[dēkʰnā], v.t. to see, behold, observe, look, glance.
[◀MIA:
☞ (Platts, 1884) 0557; (Turner, 1966) 6507, p.372; (Pali-Eng., 1925) 311; (MW, 1899) 0491; (Pokorny, 1959) 0213; (Mayrhofer, 1986-2001) 1.704
