दामाद داماد ♣ Eng. gamete, -gamy

दामाद داماد ♣ Eng. gamete, -gamy

[dāmād], m. a son-in-law.

[←New Pers. dāmād ‘son-in-law, bridegroom’ ◄Middle Pers. dāmād ‘son-in-law, bridegroom’] ♣[Young Avestan zāmātar- m. ‘son-in-law’] ♣[OIA jā́mātr̥- m. ʻdaughter’s husbandʼ RV.]

▲[PIE *ĝem(e)- ‘to marry’] (LRC),(AHD)▼

[PIE► ⋯⋯ →Eng. gamete, -gamous, -gamy]

☞ (Platts, 1884) 0502; (Turner, 1966) 5198; (MW, 1899) 0419; (Pokorny, 1959) 0369; (Mayrhofer, 1986-2001) 1.585; (MacKenzie, 1971) 024; (Horn, 1893) 0532

दाद داد ♣ Eng. do, fact

दाद داد ♣ Eng. do, fact

[dād], f.; m. justice, appreciation, due praise, applause.

[←New Pers. dād ‘law, justice’ ◄Middle Pers. dād ‘law, justice’ ◄Old Pers. dāta- n. ‘law’; dā- v. ‘to create, make’] ♣[Young, Old Avestan dā- v. ‘to place, put; create, accept, determine’] ♣[OIA √dhā ‘place’]

▲[PIE *dhē- ‘to put, place’] (LRC),(AHD)▼

[PIE► ⋯⋯ ►Eng. do, deed, doom, deem] ♣[PIE► ⋯⋯ →Eng. fact, factor, factory, fashion, face, office, theme]

☞ (Platts, 1884) 0499; (Turner, 1966) p.387; (MW, 1899) 0513; (Pokorny, 1959) 0235; (Mayrhofer, 1986-2001) 1.783; (MacKenzie, 1971) 023; (Horn, 1893) 0518

दस्तूर دَسْتُور ♣ Eng. didactic

दस्तूर دَسْتُور ♣ Eng. didactic

[dastūr], m. custom, practice, tradition, constitution.

[←New Pers. dastūr ‘priest, religious authority’ ◄Middle Pers. dstwbl /dastuwar/ ‘priest, religious authority’] ♣[Old Avestan dąstuuā- f. ‘knowledge (what must be known)’] ♣[OIA √daṁs ‘have miraculous power, be capable of smth. wondrous’]

▲[PIE *dens- ‘talent, force of mind; to learn, teach’] (LRC)▼

[PIE► ⋯⋯ →Eng. didactic]

☞ (Platts, 1884) 0516; (Pokorny, 1959) 0201; (Mayrhofer, 1986-2001) 1.688; (MacKenzie, 1971) 025; (Horn, 1893) 0568

दस्त دَسْت ♣ Eng. surgeon

दस्त دَسْت ♣ Eng. surgeon

[dast], m. the hand, loose stool, diarrhea.

[←New Pers. dast ‘hand’ ◄Middle Pers. dast ‘hand’ ◄Old Pers. dasta- m. ‘hand’] ♣[Young, Old Avestan  zasta- m. ‘hand’] ♣[OIA hásta- m. ʻhand’ RV.]

▲[PIE *ĝhesto- ‘hand, arm’] (LRC),(AHD)▼

[PIE► ⋯⋯ →Eng. surgeon]

☞ (Platts, 1884) 0516; (Turner, 1966) 14024; (MW, 1899) 1294; (Pokorny, 1959) 0447; (Mayrhofer, 1986-2001) 2.812; (MacKenzie, 1971) 025; (Horn, 1893) 0567

दरवाज़ा دَرْوازَہ ♣ Eng. door + of + angle

दरवाज़ा دَرْوازَہ ♣ Eng. door + of + angle

[darvāzā̌], m. a door, gate.

[←New Pers. darwāza ‘door’ <(suffix; likeness) <dar-wāz ‘gates (of a city) thrown back, or open’ <+②bāz adv. ‘back’ (♣Eng. of + angle (LRC)+(LRC),(AHD)+) <dar ‘door, gate’ ◄Middle Pers. dar ‘door, gate, court, palace’ ◄Old Pers. duvara- n. ‘gate’] ♣[Young Avestan duuar- m. ‘gate, mountain pass’] ♣[OIA dvā́ra- n. ʻdoorʼ ŚBr.; dúr-, dúraḥ acc. pl. f. ʻdoorʼ, dura- in cmpd. śatá-dura- RV.]

▲[PIE *dhu̯ē̆r-, dhu̯ō̆r-, dhur-, dhu̯r̥- ‘door’] (LRC),(AHD)▼

[PIE► ⋯⋯ ►Eng. door] ♣[PIE► ⋯⋯ →Eng. foreign, forest]

☞ (Platts, 1884) 0514; (Turner, 1966) 6663, 6423, ② (p.19 + p.9); (MW, 1899) 0504, 0484, ② (0054 = 0047 + 0010); (Pokorny, 1959) 0278, ② (0053 + 0045); (Mayrhofer, 1986-2001) 1.764, ② (1.085 = 1.082 + 1.052); (MacKenzie, 1971) 024, ② 002; (Horn, 1893) 0545, ② 0163

बाज़ باز ♣ Eng. of + angle

बाज़ باز ♣ Eng. of + angle

[bāz], adv. refraining, giving up, keeping away.

[←New Pers. bāz adv. ‘back’ ◄Middle Pers. abāz ‘back, again, re-’] ♣[Young Avestan apąš adv. ‘towards the back’; apaši adv. ‘backwards’; apaša adv. ‘back’] ♣[OIA ápāñc- adj. ‘located backwards, located behind, western’ RV. <+②apa ‘away, off, back’ (♣Eng. of (LRC),(AHD)) <√añc ‘bend’]

▲[PIE *ank-, ang- ‘to bend, bow’] (LRC)▼

[PIE► ⋯⋯ ►Eng. angle, ankle] ♣[PIE► ⋯⋯ →Eng. anchor]

☞ (Platts, 1884) 0121; (Turner, 1966) p.9, ② p.19; (MW, 1899) 0054, 0010, ② 0047; (Pokorny, 1959) 0045, ② 0053; (Mayrhofer, 1986-2001) 1.085, 2.143, 1.052, ② 1.082; (MacKenzie, 1971) 002; (Horn, 1893) 0163

दर دَر ♣ Eng. door, foreign

दर دَر ♣ Eng. door, foreign

[dar], m. a door, gate, threshold.

[←New Pers. dar ‘door, gate’ ◄Middle Pers. dar ‘door, gate, court, palace’ ◄Old Pers. duvara- n. ‘gate’] ♣[Young Avestan duuar- m. ‘gate, mountain pass’] ♣[OIA dvā́ra- n. ʻdoorʼ ŚBr.; dúr-, dúraḥ acc. pl. f. ʻdoorʼ, dura- in cmpd. śatá-dura- RV.]

▲[PIE *dhu̯ē̆r-, dhu̯ō̆r-, dhur-, dhu̯r̥- ‘door’] (LRC),(AHD)▼

[PIE► ⋯⋯ ►Eng. door] ♣[PIE► ⋯⋯ →Eng. foreign, forest]

☞ (Platts, 1884) 0508; (Turner, 1966) 6663, 6423; (MW, 1899) 0504, 0484; (Pokorny, 1959) 0278; (Mayrhofer, 1986-2001) 1.764; (MacKenzie, 1971) 024; (Horn, 1893) 0545

दंदान دَنْدان ♣ Eng. tooth, dental

दंदान دَنْدان ♣ Eng. tooth, dental

[dandān], m. a tooth.

[←New Pers. dandān ‘tooth’ ◄Middle Pers. dandān ‘tooth’] ♣[Young Avestan vīmītō.daṇtan- adj. ‘with shapeless teeth (?)’] ♣[OIA dánta- m. ʻtoothʼ RV.; dánt- RV.]

▲[PIE *edont-, dont-, dn̥t- ‘tooth’ <(present participle) <*ed- ‘to eat’] (LRC),(AHD)▼

[PIE► ⋯⋯ ►Eng. tooth, tusk] ♣[PIE► ⋯⋯ →Eng. dental, dentist]

☞ (Platts, 1884) 0528; (Turner, 1966) 6152, p.12; (MW, 1899) 0468, 0017; (Pokorny, 1959) 0287; (Mayrhofer, 1986-2001) 1.693, 1.061; (MacKenzie, 1971) 024; (Horn, 1893) 0574

दम دَم ♣ Eng. dim, dank

दम دَم ♣ Eng. dim, dank

[dam], m. breath, puff, life, moment, instant.

[←New Pers. dam ‘breath, vital air, life’; dam-īdan v. ‘to blow’ ◄Middle Pers. dm- v. ‘to breathe’] ♣[Young Avestan dāδmainiia- ptc.int.med. ‘species of frog’ (= ‘blowing up again and again (?)’)] ♣[OIA dhámati ʻblowsʼ RV. <√dham ‘blow’]

▲[PIE *dhem-, dhemə- 'to smoke, blow, fly about like dust’] (LRC)▼

[PIE► ⋯⋯ ►Eng. damp, dim] ♣[PIE► ⋯⋯ →Eng. dank]

☞ (Platts, 1884) 0525; (Turner, 1966) 6731, p.384; (MW, 1899) 0509; (Pokorny, 1959) 0247; (Mayrhofer, 1986-2001) 1.775; (MacKenzie, 1971) 023; (Horn, 1893) 0572

चुस्त چُسْت ♣ Eng. shoot, sheet

चुस्त چُسْت ♣ Eng. shoot, sheet

[cust], adj. quick, alert, smart, tight.

[←New Pers. čust adj. ‘fast, quick, active’] ♣[OIA √cud ‘to urge, impel, incite’]

▲[PIE *(s)keud- ‘to throw, shoot’] (LRC),(AHD)▼

[PIE► ⋯⋯ ►Eng. shoot, shot, sheet, shut]

☞ (Platts, 1884) 0433; (Turner, 1966) p.265, p.787; (MW, 1899) 0400; (Pokorny, 1959) 0955, 0636; (Mayrhofer, 1986-2001) 1.551; (Horn, 1893) 0442

चश्मा چَشْمَہ ♣ Eng. ukase

चश्मा چَشْمَہ ♣ Eng. ukase

[caʃmā̌], m. a spring, fountain, glasses, spectacles.

[←New Pers. čašma ‘a fountain, source, spring; the sun; spectacles’ <(suffix; likeness) <čašm ‘eye’ ◄Middle Pers. čašm ‘eye’ ◄Old Pers. čašman- n. ‘eye’] ♣[Young Avestan čašman- n. ‘eye’ ◄Old Avestan čašman- n. ‘eye’ <čaš- ‘to see’] ♣[OIA cákṣus- n. ʻeyeʼ RV. <√cakṣ ‘appear, see, cast a look’]

▲[PIE *kʷek̂-, kʷōk̂-, kʷek̂-s- ‘to seem, see, show, appear’] (LRC)▼

[PIE► ⋯⋯ →Eng. ukase]

☞ (Platts, 1884) 0434; (Turner, 1966) 4560, p.247; (MW, 1899) 0382, 0381; (Pokorny, 1959) 0638; (Mayrhofer, 1986-2001) 1.524, 1.523; (MacKenzie, 1971) 021; (Horn, 1893) 0440; (Mayrhofer, “Handbuch des Altpersischen” 1964) 112

चरख़ा چَرْخَہ ♣ Eng. wheel, cycle

चरख़ा چَرْخَہ ♣ Eng. wheel, cycle

[carxā̌], m. a spinning-wheel.

[←New Pers. čarxa ‘a wheel of any kind, a reel’ <(suffix; likeness) <čarx ‘wheel’ <(metathesis) ◄Middle Pers. čhr ‘wheel’] ♣[Young Avestan čaxra- m.n. ‘wheel’] ♣[OIA cakrá- m.n. ʻwheelʼ RV.]

▲[PIE *kʷekʷlo-, kʷokʷlo- (?) ‘wheel’ <(reduplication) <*kʷel-, kʷelǝ- ‘to turn; wheel; neck?’] (LRC),(AHD)▼

[PIE► ⋯⋯ ►Eng. wheel] ♣[PIE► ⋯⋯ →Eng. colony, cultivate, culture, cycle, collar, pole]

☞ (Platts, 1884) 0430; (Turner, 1966) 4538, p.254, p.256; (MW, 1899) 0380; (Pokorny, 1959) 0639; (Mayrhofer, 1986-2001) 1.521, 1.534; (Horn, 1893) 0437

चर्म چَرْم ♣ Eng. shear, carnal

चर्म چَرْم ♣ Eng. shear, carnal

[carm], m. skin. hide, leather.

[←New Pers. čarm ‘hide’ ◄Middle Pers. čarm ‘hide’ ◄Old Pers. čarman- n. ‘skin, leather’] ♣[Young Avestan čarǝman- n. ‘hide, leather’] ♣[OIA cárman- n. ʻhide, skinʼ RV.]

▲[PIE *(s)ker-, (s)kerǝ-, (s)krē- ‘to cut’] (LRC),(AHD)▼

[PIE► ⋯⋯ ►Eng. shear, share, short, sharp] ♣[PIE► ⋯⋯ →Eng. carnal, carnival]

☞ (Platts, 1884) 0430; (Turner, 1966) 4701; (MW, 1899) 0390; (Pokorny, 1959) 0938; (Mayrhofer, 1986-2001) 1.537; (MacKenzie, 1971) 021; (Horn, 1893) 0438; (Mayrhofer, “Handbuch des Altpersischen” 1964) 112

बुलंद بُلَنْد ♣ Eng. barrow, force

बुलंद بُلَنْد ♣ Eng. barrow, force

[buland], adj. high, exalted, loud, lofty.

[←New Pers. buland adj. ‘high, lofty, tall’ ◄Middle Pers. buland adj. ‘high’ ◄Old Pers. Br̥diya- m. PN Smerdis] ♣[Young Avestan bǝrǝzaṇt- adj. ‘rising high, high, loud’] ♣[OIA br̥hánt- ʻtall, highʼ RV. <√br̥h ‘increase’]

▲[PIE *bhereĝh- ‘high; mountain’] (LRC),(AHD)▼

[PIE► ⋯⋯ ►Eng. barrow, borough] ♣[PIE► ⋯⋯ →Eng. burglar, force, fort]

☞ (Platts, 1884) 0165; (Turner, 1966) 9302, p.527; (MW, 1899) 0737, 0735; (Pokorny, 1959) 0140; (Mayrhofer, 1986-2001) 2.232; (MacKenzie, 1971) 020; (Horn, 1893) 0198

बिरादर بِرادَر ♣ Eng. brother, fraternity

बिरादर بِرادَر ♣ Eng. brother, fraternity

[birādar], m. a brother, relative.

[←New Pers. birādar ‘brother’ ◄Middle Pers. brād(ar) ‘brother’ ◄Old Pers. brātar- m. ‘brother’] ♣[Young Avestan brātar- m. ‘brother’ ◄Old Avestan brātar- m. ‘brother’] ♣[OIA bhrā́tr̥- m. ʻbrotherʼ RV.]

▲[PIE *bhrā́ter- ‘brother’] (LRC),(AHD)▼

[PIE► ⋯⋯ ►Eng. brother] ♣[PIE► ⋯⋯ →Eng. fraternity]

☞ (Platts, 1884) 0143; (Turner, 1966) 9661; (MW, 1899) 0770; (Pokorny, 1959) 0163; (Mayrhofer, 1986-2001) 2.280; (MacKenzie, 1971) 019; (Horn, 1893) 0192

बेवा بیوہ ♣ Eng. widow, divide

बेवा بیوہ ♣ Eng. widow, divide

[bēvā̌], f. a widow.

[←New Pers. bēwa ‘widow’ ◄Middle Pers. wēwag ‘widow’] ♣[Young Avestan viδaua nom.sg.f. ‘widow’] ♣[OIA vidhávā- f. ʻwidowʼ RV.]

▲[PIE *u̯eidh-, u̯idh- ‘to separate; widow’] (LRC)▼

[PIE► ⋯⋯ ►Eng. widow] ♣[PIE► ⋯⋯ →Eng. divide]

☞ (Platts, 1884) 0212; (Turner, 1966) 11752; (MW, 1899) 0967; (Pokorny, 1959) 1127; (Mayrhofer, 1986-2001) 2.556; (MacKenzie, 1971) 090; (Horn, 1893) 0263

बेद بید ♣ Eng. wire, vise

बेद بید ♣ Eng. wire, vise

[bēd], m. the willow tree, cane.

[←New Pers. bēd ‘willow, ratan’ ◄Middle Pers. wēd ‘willow’] ♣[Young Avestan vaēiti- f. ‘willow’] ♣[OIA vētasá- m. ʻratan, reedʼ RV.]

▲[PIE *u̯ei-, u̯ei̯ǝ- : u̯ī- ‘to turn, bend, wind, twist, plait’] (LRC),(AHD)▼

[PIE► ⋯⋯ ►Eng. wire, withy] ♣[PIE► ⋯⋯ →Eng. vise]

☞ (Platts, 1884) 0207; (Turner, 1966) 12099, 12097, 12101; (MW, 1899) 1014, 1015; (Pokorny, 1959) 1120; (Mayrhofer, 1986-2001) 2.578; (MacKenzie, 1971) 089; (Horn, 1893) 0251

बाज़ू بازُو ♣ Eng. bough

बाज़ू بازُو ♣ Eng. bough

[bāzū], m. the arm, wing (of birds), side.

[←New Pers. bāzū ‘arm’ ◄Middle Pers. bāzā ‘arm’] ♣[Young Avestan bāzao- m. ‘arm’ ◄Old Avestan darǝgō.bāzao- adj. ‘having long hands’] ♣[OIA bāhú- m. (f. lex.) ʻarmʼ RV.]

▲[PIE *bhāg̑hú-s ‘elbow, arm’] (LRC),(AHD)▼

[PIE► ⋯⋯ ►Eng. bough]

☞ (Platts, 1884) 0122; (Turner, 1966) 9229; (MW, 1899)  0730; (Pokorny, 1959) 0108; (Mayrhofer, 1986-2001) 2.223; (MacKenzie, 1971) 018; (Horn, 1893) 0167

बाज़ार بازار ♣ Eng. vend + wheel

बाज़ार بازار ♣ Eng. vend + wheel

[bāzār], m. a market, bazaar.

[←New Pers. bāzār ‘market (place), bazaar, mart’ <+② <bahā ‘price’ ◄Middle Pers. wāzār ‘market’ <*vahā-čā̆r- ‘market’ <+② <wahāg ‘trading, value’] ♣[Old Avestan vasna- ? ‘price, exchange value’] ♣[OIA vasnám acarat ‘to offer a price’ (RV) <+②√car ‘move’ (♣Eng. wheel (LRC),(AHD)) <vasná- n. ‘price, worth, value’]

▲[PIE *u̯es-no- ‘price, value’ <*u̯es- ‘to buy, sell, exchange’] (LRC),(AHD)▼

[PIE► ⋯⋯ →Eng. venal, vend]

☞ (Platts, 1884) 0121; (Turner, 1966) ② p.254; (MW, 1899) 0931, ② 0389; (Pokorny, 1959) 1173, ② 0639; (Mayrhofer, 1986-2001) 2.535, ② 1.534; (MacKenzie, 1971) 089, 086; (Horn, 1893) 0166,  0242

बारिश بارِش ♣ Eng. urine

बारिश بارِش ♣ Eng. urine

[bāriʃ], f. rain, rainfall.

[←New Pers. bāriš ‘rain’ <bār-, bārīdan ‘to rain’ ◄Middle Pers. wār-, wārīdan ‘to rain’] ♣[Young Avestan vāra- m. ‘rain’] ♣[OIA vā́r- n. ʻwaterʼ RV.]

▲[PIE *au̯er- ‘water, rain, liquid’] (LRC),(AHD)▼

[PIE► ⋯⋯ →Eng. urine]

☞ (Platts, 1884) 0120; (Turner, 1966) p.673, 11556; (MW, 1899) 0943; (Pokorny, 1959) 0078; (Mayrhofer, 1986-2001) 2.544; (MacKenzie, 1971) 087; (Horn, 1893) 0159