को کو ♣ Eng. coxa, cushion

को کو ♣ Eng. coxa, cushion

[kɔ], ppn. (marker of the oblique case) to, for, in, on, at (time).

[◀MIA: Pk. kakkha-, kaccha- m., °chā- f.ʻarmpitʼ; Pa. kaccha- m. ʻarmpitʼ ◀OIA kákṣa- m. ʻarmpitʼ RV., ʻgroin (?)ʼ AV., kakṣā- f. ʻarmpitʼ Suśr. ◀PIE *kok̑sā ‘body part: foot, hip, etc.’] ♣[=PIE▶⋯→Eng. coxa, cushion ]

☞ (Platts, 1884) 0857; (Turner, 1966) 14342, 2588; (Pali-Eng., 1925) 175; (MW, 1899) 0241; (Pokorny, 1959) 0611; (Mayrhofer, 1986-2001) 1.288

हृदय ہِردا ♣ Eng. heart, cordial

हृदय ہِردا ♣ Eng. heart, cordial

[hridaɛ]~[hirdaɛ]~[hirdɛ̵], m. the heart.

[←OIA hŕ̥daya- n. ʻheartʼ RV. <hr̥d- ʻheartʼ ◀PIE (*k̂ered- :) k̂erd-, k̂ērd-, k̂r̥d-, k̂red- ‘heart’] ♣[=PIE▶⋯▶Eng. heart ] ♣[=PIE▶⋯→Eng. cordial, courage, credit, grant ]

☞ (Platts, 1884) 1225; (Turner, 1966) 14152, p.818; (MW, 1899) 1302; (Pokorny, 1959) 0579; (Mayrhofer, 1986-2001) 2.818

हार ہار ♣ Eng. yard, garden

हार ہار ♣ Eng. yard, garden

[hār], m. a garland, necklace.

[←OIA hāra- m. ʻnecklaceʼ MBh., °aka- m. ʻstring of pearlsʼ Pañcat. <√hr̥ ‘take, carry’ ◀PIE *ĝher- ‘to grasp, grab, grip, seize; to enclose, encircle, encompass’] ♣[=PIE▶⋯▶Eng. yard, gird ] ♣[=PIE▶⋯→Eng. garden, court, choir, chorus ]

☞ (Platts, 1884) 1215; (Turner, 1966) 14059; (MW, 1899) 1289, 1302; (Pokorny, 1959) 0442, 0444; (Mayrhofer, 1986-2001) 3.536, 2.803

हत्था ہتھا ♣ Eng. surgeon, presto

हत्था ہتھا ♣ Eng. surgeon, presto

[hattʰā], m. a handle, holder.

[◀MIA: Pa. hatthaka- m. ʻhandfulʼ ◀OIA hastaka- m. ʻhandʼ MBh. <hásta- m. ‘hand’ RV. ◀PIE *ĝhesto- ‘hand, arm’; ĝhesor- ‘hand’] ♣[=PIE▶⋯→Eng. surgeon, presto ]

☞ (Platts, 1884) 1219; (Turner, 1966) 14025, 14024; (Pali-Eng., 1925) 728; (MW, 1899) 1295, 1294; (Pokorny, 1959) 0447; (Mayrhofer, 1986-2001) 2.812

हरियाली ہریالی ♣ Eng. yellow, gold

हरियाली ہریالی ♣ Eng. yellow, gold

[hariyālī]~[haryālī], f. greenery, vegetation.

[◀MIA ⋯ ◀OIA haritāla- ʻ*greenʼ <hári- ‘golden, yellow’ RV., ‘green’ lex. ◀PIE *g̑hel-, (and ghel-?), also as i-, u-, or n-stem; g̑helə-, g̑hlē-, g̑hlō-, g̑hlə- ‘to shine; green, gold, blue’] ♣[=PIE▶⋯▶Eng. yellow, gold, gild, gall, glass, glow ] ♣[=PIE▶⋯→Eng. cholera, chloro- ]

☞ (Platts, 1884) 1227; (Turner, 1966) 13987, 13981; (MW, 1899) 1291, 1289; (Pokorny, 1959) 0429; (Mayrhofer, 1986-2001) 2.805

हगना ہَگنا ♣ Eng. gate

हगना ہَگنا ♣ Eng. gate

[hagnā], v.i. to defecate.

[◀MIA: Pa. hanna- n. ʻstoolingʼ ◀OIA hanna- ʻevacuated (of excrement)ʼ lex. <√had ‘defecate’ ◀PIE *ghed- ‘to defecate; hole, opening’] ♣[=PIE▶⋯▶Eng. gate ]

☞ (Platts, 1884) 1230; (Turner, 1966) 13960, p.807; (Pali-Eng., 1925) 729; (MW, 1899) 1287; (Pokorny, 1959) 0423; (Mayrhofer, 1986-2001) 3.532

सुलाना سُلانا ♣ Eng. soporific, somnolence

सुलाना سُلانا ♣ Eng. soporific, somnolence

[sulānā], v.t. to cause to sleep.

[◀MIA ⋯ ◀OIA svāpáyati ʻlulls to sleepʼ RV. <√svap ‘sleep’ ◀PIE *su̯ep-, sup- ‘to sleep’] ♣[=PIE▶⋯→Eng. soporific, somnolence, hypnotic ]

☞ (Platts, 1884) 0669; (Turner, 1966) 13928, p.803; (MW, 1899) 1280; (Pokorny, 1959) 1048; (Mayrhofer, 1986-2001) 2.791

स्वाद سواد ♣ Eng. sweet, suasion

स्वाद سواد ♣ Eng. sweet, suasion

[svād], m. taste, flavor.

[←OIA svāda- m. ʻtaste, flavourʼ Hariv. <√svad ‘relish’ ◀PIE *su̯ād- ‘sweet, pleasant; to enjoy something’] ♣[=PIE▶⋯▶Eng. sweet ] ♣[=PIE▶⋯→Eng. suasion ]

☞ (Platts, 1884) 0691; (Turner, 1966) 13923, p.803; (MW, 1899) 1279; (Pokorny, 1959) 1039; (Mayrhofer, 1986-2001) 2.788

सपना سپنا ♣ Eng. soporific, somnolence

सपना سپنا ♣ Eng. soporific, somnolence

[sapnā], m. a dream.

[←(adaptation / semi-tatsama)− OIA svápna- m. ʻsleep, dreamʼ RV. <√svap ‘sleep’ ◀PIE *su̯ep-, sup- ‘to sleep’] ♣[=PIE▶⋯→Eng. soporific, somnolence, hypnotic ]

☞ (Platts, 1884) 0635; (Turner, 1966) 13904, p.803; (MW, 1899) 1280; (Pokorny, 1959) 1048; (Mayrhofer, 1986-2001) 2.791

सोता سوتا ♣ Eng. stream, rhythm

सोता سوتا ♣ Eng. stream, rhythm

[sōtā], m. a spring (of water), stream.

[◀MIA: Pk. sotta-, sutta- n. ʻstream, riverʼ ◀OIA *srōtra- ʻstreamʼ <√sru ‘flow’ ◀PIE *sreu- ‘to flow’] ♣[=PIE▶⋯▶Eng. stream ] ♣[=PIE▶⋯→Eng. rhythm ]

☞ (Platts, 1884) 0693; (Turner, 1966) 13891, p.802; (MW, 1899) 1274; (Pokorny, 1959) 1003; (Mayrhofer, 1986-2001) 2.784

साला سالا ♣ Eng. sew, sinew

साला سالا ♣ Eng. sew, sinew

[sālā], m. a wife’s brother, brother-in-law.

[◀MIA: Pk. sāla- m. ʻwife’s brotherʼ; Pa. sālaka- m. ʻwife’s younger brotherʼ ◀OIA syālá- m. ‘wife’s brother’ RV. ◀PIE *si̯ē[u]-ro- : si̯ǝ-ur(i̯o)- ‘brother-in-law’ <.PIE *sē(i)-, -sǝi- : sī- and sei- : si- ‘to bind, tie; strap’; PIE *si̯ū- ‘to sew’] ♣[=PIE▶⋯▶Eng. sew, seam, sinew ] ♣[=PIE▶⋯→Eng. suture, hymen, secular ]

☞ (Platts, 1884) 0626; (Turner, 1966) 13871; (Pali-Eng., 1925) 706; (MW, 1899) 1273; (Pokorny, 1959) 0915, 0891; (Mayrhofer, 1986-2001) 2.782

फोड़ना پھوڑنا ♣ Eng. spill, spoil

फोड़ना پھوڑنا ♣ Eng. spill, spoil

[pʰōṛnā], v.t. to break, crack, shatter.

[◀MIA: Pk. phōḍēi tr. ʻburstsʼ ◀OIA sphōṭayati tr. ʻbursts, splits, breaksʼ MBh. <√sphuṭ ‘burst’ <√sphaṭ ‘burst, split’ <√phal ‘burst’ ◀PIE *(s)p(h)el- ‘to split, cleave, cut off, tear off, break off; board’] ♣[=PIE▶⋯▶Eng. spill ] ♣[=PIE▶⋯→Eng. spelt, spoil ]

☞ (Platts, 1884) 0292; (Turner, 1966) 13857, p.800, p.798, p.508; (MW, 1899) 1270, 1269, 0716; (Pokorny, 1959) 0985; (Mayrhofer, 1986-2001) 2.778, 3.527, 2.201

फूटना پُھوٹنا ♣ Eng. spill, spoil

फूटना پُھوٹنا ♣ Eng. spill, spoil

[pʰūṭnā], v.i. to burst open, crack.

[◀MIA: Pk. phuṭṭaï intr. ʻburstsʼ ◀OIA *sphuṭyati ʻis burst openʼ <√sphuṭ ‘burst’ <√sphaṭ ‘burst, split’ <√phal ‘burst’ ◀PIE *(s)p(h)el- ‘to split, cleave, cut off, tear off, break off; board’] ♣[=PIE▶⋯▶Eng. spill ] ♣[=PIE▶⋯→Eng. spelt, spoil ]

☞ (Platts, 1884) 0292; (Turner, 1966) 13845, p.800, p.798, p.508; (MW, 1899) 1270, 1269, 0716; (Pokorny, 1959) 0985; (Mayrhofer, 1986-2001) 2.778, 3.527, 2.201

फावड़ा پھاوڑا ♣ Eng. spit, spike

फावड़ा پھاوڑا ♣ Eng. spit, spike

[pʰāɔṛā], m. a spade, mattock.

[◀MIA: Pa. phiya- m. (in cmpds. usu. piya- ) ʻoarʼ ◀OIA *sphiyá-, sphyá- m. ʻflat piece of wood for stirring offerings of boiled rice or for trimming mound used as altarʼ AV., ʻboom, sparʼ ŚBr., m.n. ʻa kind of oarʼ R. ◀PIE *(s)p(h)ē̆i- : (s)p(h)ī̆- ‘sharp/pointed stick’] ♣[=PIE▶⋯▶Eng. spit, spoke ] ♣[=PIE▶⋯→Eng. spike, spine, spitz ]

☞ (Platts, 1884) 0283; (Turner, 1966) 13839; (Pali-Eng., 1925) 479; (MW, 1899) 1271; (Pokorny, 1959) 0981; (Mayrhofer, 1986-2001) 2.779

फटना پھٹنا ♣ Eng. spill, spoil

फटना پھٹنا ♣ Eng. spill, spoil

[pʰaṭnā], v.i. to burst, explode, crack, be torn, rent.

[◀MIA: Pk. phaṭṭaï ʻis splitʼ ◀OIA *sphāṭyatē ‘is split’ <√sphaṭ ‘burst, split’ <√phal ‘burst’ ◀PIE *(s)p(h)el- ‘to split, cleave, cut off, tear off, break off; board’] ♣[=PIE▶⋯▶Eng. spill ] ♣[=PIE▶⋯→Eng. spelt, spoil ]

☞ (Platts, 1884) 0284; (Turner, 1966) 13825, p.798, p.508; (MW, 1899) 1269, 0716; (Pokorny, 1959) 0985; (Mayrhofer, 1986-2001) 3.527, 2.201

फाँसना پھانسنا ♣ Eng. fang, pact

फाँसना پھانسنا ♣ Eng. fang, pact

[pʰā̃snā], v.t. to ensnare, involve.

[◀MIA ⋯ ◀OIA spāśáyati ʻcauses to be bound or stoppedʼ Dhātup. <√spaś ‘bind’ <√paś ‘bind’ ◀PIE *pā̆k̂- and pā̆ĝ- ‘to repair, strengthen, fasten’] ♣[=PIE▶⋯▶Eng. fang ] ♣[=PIE▶⋯→Eng. pay, pacify, pact, page ]

☞ (Platts, 1884) 0283, 0290; (Turner, 1966) 13814, p.798, p.450; (MW, 1899) 1268, 0611; (Pokorny, 1959) 0787; (Mayrhofer, 1986-2001) 2.125

फबना پھبنا ♣ Eng. spur, spurn

फबना پھبنا ♣ Eng. spur, spurn

[pʰabnā], v.i. to fit, suit.

[◀MIA: Pk. phavvīhaï ʻgets what one likesʼ ◀OIA *sparvati ʻreleases, wins, succeeds, is fittingʼ. (Cf. spr̥ṇṓti, spr̥ṇutḗ ʻreleases, saves, wins for oneselfʼ RV.) <√spr̥ ‘convey, rescue, gain’ ◀PIE *sp(h)er-, sp(h)erǝ- ‘to make a rash movement, to push away, to rush, to act rashly, etc.’] ♣[=PIE▶⋯▶Eng. spur, spurn ] ♣[=PIE▶⋯→Eng. spoor ]

☞ (Platts, 1884) 0283; (Turner, 1966) 13808, p.798; (MW, 1899) 1268; (Pokorny, 1959) 0992; (Mayrhofer, 1986-2001) 2.773

ना‌ई نائی ♣ Eng. nurse + father

ना‌ई نائی ♣ Eng. nurse + father

[nāī], m. a barber, hairdresser.

[◀MIA: Pk.mh. ṇhāvia-, mg. ś. ṇāvi(d)a- m. ʻbarberʼ ; Pa. nahāpita- m. ʻbarberʼ ◀OIA *snāpitr̥-, nāpitá- m. ʻbarberʼ ŚBr. <+② pitŕ̥- m. ʻfatherʼ RV. (♣Eng. father ) <√snā ‘bathe’ ◀PIE *snā-, snǝ-(t-), snāu-, sn-eu-, sn-et- ‘to flow, swim; damp’] ♣[=PIE▶⋯→Eng. nourish, nurse, nutrition ]

☞ (Platts, 1884) 1119; (Turner, 1966) 13792, p.796, ② 8179; (Pali-Eng., 1925) 348; (MW, 1899) 0535, 1266, ② 0626; (Pokorny, 1959) 0971, ② 0829; (Mayrhofer, 1986-2001) 2.769, ② 2.128

नस نس ♣ Eng. needle, nerve

नस نس ♣ Eng. needle, nerve

[nas], f. a vein, nerve, sinew, tendon.

[◀MIA: Pk. ṇasā- f. ʻveinʼ ◀OIA snasā- f. ʻtendon, muscleʼ lex. (cf. snā́yu- f. n. ʻtendon, muscle, sinew, bowstringʼ TS.; snā́van- (snāván- ŚBr.) n. ʻtendon, sinew, muscle, bowstringʼ AV.)] ◀PIE snēu- : snū- and snĕu- ‘to turn, to bind, attach; band; tendon, sinew’ <*(s)nē- and *(s)nēi- ‘to twist threads together, to web, spin, sew’] ♣[=PIE▶⋯▶Eng. needle, snood ] ♣[=PIE▶⋯→Eng. neuron, nerve ]

☞ (Platts, 1884) 1136; (Turner, 1966) 13784, 13793, 13795; (MW, 1899) 1266, 1267; (Pokorny, 1959) 0973, 0977; (Mayrhofer, 1986-2001) 3.526, 2.770

ठेठ ٹھیٹھ ♣ Eng. stand, stay

ठेठ ٹھیٹھ ♣ Eng. stand, stay

[ṭʰēṭ⁽ʰ⁾], adj. pure, genuine, typical, unsophisticated.

[◀MIA ⋯ ◀OIA sthēṣṭha- ʻmost fixed, durableʼ Pāṇ. <√sthā ‘stand’ ◀PIE *stā- : stǝ- ‘to stand’] ♣[=PIE▶⋯▶Eng. stand, stool, stem, stead ] ♣[=PIE▶⋯→Eng. stage, stance, stay, station, status ]

☞ (Platts, 1884) 0366; (Turner, 1966) 13778, p.793; (MW, 1899) 1265, 1262; (Pokorny, 1959) 1004; (Mayrhofer, 1986-2001) 2.767, 2.764

ठिठुरना ٹِھٹُھرنا ♣ Eng. stand, stay

ठिठुरना ٹِھٹُھرنا ♣ Eng. stand, stay

[ṭʰiṭ⁽ʰ⁾urnā], v.i. to be chilled, benumbed.

[◀MIA: Pk. ṭhira- ʻfirmʼ; Pk. Pa. thira- ʻsolid, firmʼ ◀OIA sthirá- ʻfirm, hard, strong, durableʼ RV. <√*sthar ʻbe firmʼ <√sthal ʻbe firmʼ <√sthā ‘stand’ ◀PIE *stā- : stǝ- ‘to stand’] ♣[=PIE▶⋯▶Eng. stand, stool, stem, stead ] ♣[=PIE▶⋯→Eng. stage, stance, stay, station, status ]

☞ (Platts, 1884) 0362; (Turner, 1966) 13771, p.792, p.793; (Pali-Eng., 1925) 309; (MW, 1899) 1264, 1261, 1262; (Pokorny, 1959) 1004; (Mayrhofer, 1986-2001) 2.767, 2.764

थान تھان ♣ Eng. stand, stay

थान تھان ♣ Eng. stand, stay

[tʰān], m. a place, abode, stable, stall (for horses).

[◀MIA: Pk. thāṇa-, ṭhāṇa- n. ʻplaceʼ ; Pa. ṭhāna- n. ʻplace, conditionʼ ◀OIA sthā́na- n. ʻfirm stanceʼ AV., ʻplace of abodeʼ RV., ʻshape, formʼ VarBr̥S., sthānaka- n. ʻposition, placeʼ MBh. <√sthā ‘stand’ ◀PIE *stā- : stǝ- ‘to stand’] ♣[=PIE▶⋯▶Eng. stand, stool, stem, stead ] ♣[=PIE▶⋯→Eng. stage, stance, stay, station, status ]

☞ (Platts, 1884) 0346; (Turner, 1966) 13753, p.793; (Pali-Eng., 1925) 289; (MW, 1899) 1263, 1262; (Pokorny, 1959) 1004; (Mayrhofer, 1986-2001) 2.764

थाम تھام ♣ Eng. step, staff

थाम تھام ♣ Eng. step, staff

[tʰām], m. a pillar.

[◀MIA: Pk. thaṁbha-, °aya-, taṁbha-, ṭhaṁbha- m. ʻpillarʼ ; Pa. thambha- m. ʻpillarʼ ◀OIA stambha- m. ʻpillar, postʼ Kāṭh., °aka- m. Mahāvy. <√stambh ‘make or be firm’ ◀PIE *steb(h)-, stēb(h)- : stǝbh-, stemb(h)- ‘post, stem, pillar, stump; to support, place firmly on, fasten, etc.’] ♣[=PIE▶⋯▶Eng. step, staff, stamp ] ♣[=PIE▶⋯→Eng. stoop, stump ]

☞ (Platts, 1884) 0346; (Turner, 1966) 13682, p.789; (Pali-Eng., 1925) 308; (MW, 1899) 1258; (Pokorny, 1959) 1011; (Mayrhofer, 1986-2001) 2.753, 2.754

ठहरना ٹھہرنا ♣ Eng. step, staff

ठहरना ٹھہرنا ♣ Eng. step, staff

[ṭʰɛh₍ɛ₎rnā], v.i. to remain, wait, stop, halt, stay temporarily.

[◀MIA ⋯ ◀OIA *stabhira- ʻfixed, firmʼ <√stambh ‘make or be firm’ ◀PIE *steb(h)-, stēb(h)- : stǝbh-, stemb(h)- ‘post, stem, pillar, stump; to support, place firmly on, fasten, etc.’] ♣[=PIE▶⋯▶Eng. step, staff, stamp ] ♣[=PIE▶⋯→Eng. stoop, stump ]

☞ (Platts, 1884) 0365; (Turner, 1966) 13680, p.789; (MW, 1899) 1258; (Pokorny, 1959) 1011; (Mayrhofer, 1986-2001) 2.754